A visible illustration depicting the geographical place of the Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune is an important instrument for numerous functions. Such a visible support usually showcases the bottom’s boundaries, inside infrastructure together with coaching areas and housing, and its relation to surrounding civilian communities and pure options like waterways. These maps are important for navigation, planning, and understanding the general format of the navy set up.
Understanding the spatial association of Camp Lejeune and its adjoining areas holds significance for logistical operations, emergency response planning, and historic analysis associated to occasions which have occurred on the base. Moreover, people looking for data concerning potential publicity to contaminants, notably within the context of water contamination incidents, usually depend on correct mapping sources to determine potential areas of impression and consider related environmental elements. These maps support in visualizing the scope of affected areas and contribute to knowledgeable decision-making.
The following dialogue will deal with the historic context of environmental considerations at Camp Lejeune, authorized avenues accessible to affected people, and sources for acquiring related details about the bottom and its surrounding atmosphere.
1. Base Boundaries
The outlined perimeter of Camp Lejeune, visually represented on a location map, establishes the geographical scope inside which navy actions, housing, and infrastructure are contained. These boundaries dictate the world underneath the jurisdiction of the Marine Corps and, consequently, the areas probably impacted by actions occurring inside. The accuracy of those boundaries on mapping sources is crucial for figuring out the extent of any environmental contamination emanating from the bottom, influencing the eligibility for compensation associated to well being points.
Particularly, the placement of water remedy crops, wells, and housing services relative to the bottom perimeter is of great significance. If contamination originated throughout the base boundaries and subsequently affected areas outdoors these boundaries, it broadens the scope of potential legal responsibility and impacts a wider inhabitants. Authorized claims usually hinge on demonstrating that publicity occurred inside outlined durations and areas associated to the bottom’s operations. Due to this fact, correct mapping offers essential proof in establishing the hyperlink between residency or employment throughout the bases operational footprint and potential publicity.
In abstract, the placement map’s depiction of Camp Lejeune’s boundaries is integral to understanding the spatial context of actions occurring there, together with cases of contamination. Precisely portraying these boundaries is crucial in figuring out the geographical scope of potential impacts, thereby influencing authorized and medical issues for affected people. Challenges might come up when boundaries are disputed or when historic maps differ from present representations, necessitating cautious evaluation of accessible documentation.
2. Water Supply Proximity
The geographical relationship between water sources and Camp Lejeune, as displayed on a location map, is a crucial determinant in assessing the scope of historic water contamination. The placement of wells, water remedy crops, and distribution networks relative to potential sources of pollution dictated the populations uncovered. Analyzing this proximity reveals direct hyperlinks between the bottom’s infrastructure and potential well being dangers skilled by residents and personnel.
As an illustration, the map reveals the place of the Hadnot Level and Tarawa Terrace water remedy crops, which distributed contaminated water to household housing and barracks. Proximity of those crops to industrial areas and waste disposal websites is demonstrably evident on a location map. Understanding these geographical relationships clarifies the pathways via which contaminants entered the water provide, straight influencing the publicity routes and period for these consuming the water. Analyzing an in depth depiction of the bottom identifies the particular areas equipped by contaminated wells, supporting the evaluation of potential well being penalties. This data is paramount for establishing a transparent cause-and-effect relationship between residence inside particular areas of the bottom and potential publicity to contaminated water.
In abstract, the map serves as an important instrument for demonstrating the spatial relationship between water sources and potential contamination origins at Camp Lejeune. This spatial information types a vital aspect in authorized claims and well being research, contributing to a deeper understanding of the well being dangers confronted by people uncovered to contaminated water. The great evaluation of “Water Supply Proximity” at the side of “camp lejeune location map” is integral in uncovering the potential injury executed at Camp Lejeune.
3. Housing Space Placement
The configuration of housing areas at Camp Lejeune, at the side of its geographical illustration on a location map, is central to evaluating the historic scope of potential contaminant publicity. Residential areas served because the long-term domicile for navy households, thus the spatial relationship of those areas to potential sources of contamination is crucial in understanding the period and depth of publicity.
-
Proximity to Water Distribution Networks
The placement of housing items relative to the water distribution community, particularly the strains fed by contaminated water remedy crops like Hadnot Level and Tarawa Terrace, is a key issue. Models straight linked to those methods skilled a sustained interval of publicity. Mapping these connections permits for the reconstruction of publicity patterns and estimation of particular person and group dangers.
-
Distance from Industrial Websites and Waste Disposal
Many housing areas had been positioned in proximity to industrial websites and waste disposal areas on the bottom. Runoff, airborne pollution, and seepage from these areas probably impacted residential zones. The placement map provides a visible illustration of those distances, offering insights into the potential for publicity via numerous environmental pathways, not restricted to water.
-
Relationship to On-Base Wells
The position of housing in relation to contaminated wells is paramount. Sure housing sectors acquired their water straight from wells recognized to include risky natural compounds (VOCs). Understanding the spatial relationship permits for differentiating between housing areas based mostly on the sources of water, aiding within the evaluation of well being impacts associated to long-term publicity to contaminated water.
-
Socioeconomic Issues
Analyzing the format of housing areas may reveal data concerning the socioeconomic demographics of residents who had been probably uncovered. This data, whereas circuitously seen on a location map, helps to border the broader societal impacts of the contamination, providing insights into the social cloth of Camp Lejeune and its implications.
In summation, the association of housing sectors as visualized on the placement map underscores the spatial dimension of contaminant publicity at Camp Lejeune. Comprehending the affiliation of those areas with water distribution, industrial websites, and waste disposal zones facilitates the willpower of threat gradients, supporting the analysis of potential well being penalties and subsequent claims for associated points.
4. Contamination Plume Unfold
The spatial distribution of contaminants emanating from sources inside Camp Lejeune, known as the contamination plume unfold, is intrinsically linked to its geographical context as depicted on a location map. Mapping contamination plume unfold is pivotal in reconstructing the historic publicity patterns for people residing or engaged on the bottom. The interplay of things resembling soil permeability, groundwater move, and the presence of geological obstacles considerably affect the dispersion of contaminants from particular factors of origin. The ensuing plume, illustrated on a map, reveals the geographical boundaries of potential publicity zones and helps decide the affected populations. Actual-world examples embrace the documented unfold of trichloroethylene (TCE) and perchloroethylene (PCE) from leaking underground storage tanks into the Hadnot Level water distribution system. The extent of this contamination, visually represented by mapping the plume, permits for a extra exact understanding of the areas served by the affected water provide.
Analyzing the contamination plume unfold additionally offers crucial data for epidemiological research looking for to determine connections between environmental publicity and hostile well being outcomes. By overlaying plume maps with residential histories, researchers can estimate the period and degree of publicity skilled by people probably impacted by the contamination. This information contributes to a extra nuanced understanding of dose-response relationships and permits the identification of particular well being dangers related to explicit areas inside Camp Lejeune. Moreover, mapping the plume assists in figuring out the best remediation methods, focusing efforts on probably the most severely affected areas whereas minimizing the impression on surrounding ecosystems and communities. Understanding the elements that govern plume unfold helps in forecasting future contamination dangers and growing proactive measures for mitigating comparable incidents.
In abstract, the placement map, when built-in with information pertaining to contamination plume unfold, offers a potent instrument for evaluating the spatial extent and potential well being penalties related to environmental contamination at Camp Lejeune. The challenges inherent in reconstructing historic plume dynamics underscore the need for sturdy information assortment, superior modeling strategies, and clear communication with affected communities. Addressing these challenges is essential for advancing scientific understanding, informing authorized claims, and finally offering assist and sources to these harmed by the contamination.
5. On-Base Wells
The spatial distribution and operational particulars of on-base wells are basic parts when analyzing the environmental and well being impacts at Camp Lejeune. A location map serves as a crucial instrument in illustrating the place of those wells relative to potential contamination sources and the areas they served, thereby defining the scope and pathways of publicity.
-
Nicely Placement and Contamination Sources
The placement map permits exact plotting of wells inside Camp Lejeune, revealing their proximity to industrial areas, waste disposal websites, and underground storage tanks. This spatial relationship helps decide potential sources of contamination that will have impacted every effectively. For instance, wells located downgradient from recognized TCE or PCE launch factors had been extra prone to contamination. Figuring out these contaminated wells and their particular areas is essential for establishing a timeline and understanding the unfold of pollution throughout the water provide.
-
Service Areas of Particular person Wells
Every effectively equipped water to particular areas throughout the base, together with housing, barracks, and administrative buildings. By correlating effectively areas with distribution networks on the map, the areas served by contaminated wells may be precisely recognized. This data helps decide the populations that had been uncovered to contaminated water, and the period of their publicity. The map serves as a crucial evidentiary instrument for validating residency and potential publicity in periods of recognized contamination.
-
Nicely Building and Vulnerability
The development traits of every effectively, resembling its depth and casing integrity, influenced its vulnerability to contamination. Shallow wells, or these with compromised casing, had been extra prone to infiltration of floor pollution. Whereas effectively building particulars are usually not straight seen on a typical location map, the map can be utilized at the side of effectively logs and building data to evaluate the potential for contamination based mostly on the effectively’s geographical context.
-
Historic Nicely Utilization and Sampling Information
Location maps, when mixed with historic data of effectively utilization and water sampling information, present a complete view of water high quality traits over time. Mapping the placement of wells with frequent detections of contaminants helps establish areas of persistent or recurrent contamination. Analyzing the temporal and spatial patterns of contamination permits for reconstructing publicity eventualities and assessing the effectiveness of any remediation efforts that had been undertaken.
In conclusion, the mixing of location map information with data concerning on-base wells is paramount for understanding the intricacies of water contamination at Camp Lejeune. Via spatial evaluation, it’s doable to reconstruct publicity pathways, establish populations in danger, and assess the long-term well being penalties related to publicity to contaminated consuming water.
6. Off-Base Communities
The geographical positioning of Camp Lejeune relative to neighboring civilian communities, as depicted on a location map, is important for assessing the potential unfold and impression of environmental contamination. The spatial relationship between the navy base and surrounding residential areas dictates the probability of off-site publicity and subsequent well being implications.
-
Proximity and Groundwater Stream
The proximity of off-base communities to Camp Lejeune, coupled with the path of groundwater move, considerably influenced the potential for contaminant migration. Location maps, when overlaid with hydrogeological information, reveal the pathways via which contaminants might have traveled past the bottom boundaries, impacting personal wells and group water methods. The nearer the communities and the extra direct the groundwater connection, the better the potential for publicity.
-
Shared Water Sources
In some instances, off-base communities shared water sources or had been equipped by the identical water infrastructure as Camp Lejeune. These shared methods created a direct pathway for contaminants to succeed in civilian populations. Correct mapping of the water distribution networks is essential for figuring out the extent of potential publicity amongst off-base residents. Documentation of interconnections between the bottom’s water system and group provides is important for validating claims of off-base contamination.
-
Airborne Contaminant Dispersion
Past water contamination, airborne contaminants launched from actions on Camp Lejeune might have impacted close by communities. Prevailing wind patterns, topography, and distance from the bottom all influenced the dispersion of air pollution. Location maps, when mixed with meteorological information and air dispersion fashions, can assist estimate the extent of air air pollution publicity amongst off-base populations. That is notably related for communities positioned downwind from industrial areas or waste disposal websites on the bottom.
-
Financial and Social Impacts
The presence of Camp Lejeune had vital financial and social impacts on surrounding communities. Nevertheless, the invention of water contamination raised considerations about property values, group well being, and the general high quality of life. Location maps, by highlighting the areas affected by contamination, visually characterize the scope of those impacts. The maps function a reminder of the lasting penalties of environmental contamination and the significance of addressing the wants of affected communities.
In abstract, the evaluation of the placement map, at the side of hydrogeological and meteorological information, underscores the interconnection between Camp Lejeune and its neighboring civilian communities. The potential for off-site contaminant migration highlights the significance of accountable environmental practices and the necessity for transparency and accountability in addressing the legacy of contamination at Camp Lejeune.
7. Coaching Floor Areas
The geographical distribution of coaching grounds inside Camp Lejeune, precisely depicted on a location map, is an important consideration when evaluating potential sources of environmental contamination. These areas, integral to navy preparedness, traditionally concerned actions that launched numerous pollution into the atmosphere. Due to this fact, understanding the spatial association of those coaching grounds in relation to water sources, residential areas, and different delicate areas is important for a complete evaluation of potential well being dangers.
-
Firing Ranges and Heavy Metals
Firing ranges, integral parts of navy coaching, are concentrated sources of heavy metals resembling lead, antimony, and copper. The placement map illustrates the place of those ranges, offering a spatial context for understanding potential soil and groundwater contamination. Runoff from these ranges can carry heavy metals into close by waterways, probably impacting consuming water sources. Evaluation of the map, at the side of soil and water sampling information, permits for a willpower of the extent and severity of heavy metallic contamination originating from firing vary actions. Historic practices associated to ammunition disposal and vary upkeep additional contribute to the general contamination burden.
-
Motor Car Coaching Areas and Gas Spills
Areas designated for motorcar coaching usually expertise frequent gasoline spills and leaks, leading to soil and groundwater contamination with petroleum hydrocarbons. The placement map identifies these coaching areas, offering a visible illustration of potential sources of risky natural compounds (VOCs) and different petroleum-related contaminants. The proximity of those areas to water sources and residential zones will increase the danger of human publicity. Mapping the spatial extent of contamination plumes originating from motorcar coaching areas is essential for assessing the potential well being impacts and growing acceptable remediation methods.
-
Chemical Warfare Coaching and Residue
Though much less frequent, historic data point out that sure areas inside Camp Lejeune had been utilized for chemical warfare coaching workout routines. These actions might have resulted within the launch of chemical brokers and their degradation merchandise into the atmosphere. The placement map can establish areas probably impacted by chemical warfare coaching, permitting for focused investigations and sampling efforts. Detecting and quantifying chemical residues in these areas requires specialised analytical strategies and an intensive understanding of the historic coaching actions that occurred.
-
Waste Disposal Practices Close to Coaching Zones
Traditionally, waste disposal practices close to coaching zones might have contributed to environmental contamination. The placement map can reveal the presence of landfills, burn pits, and different waste disposal websites in shut proximity to coaching areas. These websites usually include a variety of contaminants, together with industrial solvents, pesticides, and heavy metals. The mixed impact of waste disposal and coaching actions can create complicated contamination patterns, requiring complete environmental assessments to delineate the extent of the air pollution and assess potential dangers to human well being and the atmosphere.
The interaction between coaching floor areas and the geographical options of Camp Lejeune, as visualized on the placement map, underscores the complexity of environmental contamination points. Understanding the spatial association of those parts is important for reconstructing historic publicity pathways, assessing potential well being dangers, and growing efficient remediation methods to mitigate the long-term penalties of environmental air pollution.
8. Disposal Website Coordinates
Disposal website coordinates, when precisely built-in right into a location map, represent an important layer of knowledge for understanding environmental contamination patterns at Camp Lejeune. These coordinates, representing the exact geographical location of landfills, waste storage areas, and burn pits, present crucial context for assessing potential sources of pollution that will have migrated into groundwater or floor water. With out exact coordinates, efforts to mannequin contaminant plume dispersion and establish probably uncovered populations could be considerably hindered. For instance, if coordinates for a specific landfill are inaccurate or lacking, the estimated space affected by leachate contamination could possibly be considerably underestimated, resulting in an incomplete evaluation of well being dangers.
The sensible significance of precisely mapped disposal website coordinates extends to authorized and remediation efforts. Authorized claims usually hinge on establishing a direct hyperlink between particular disposal websites and documented contamination in consuming water sources. Exact coordinates permit for detailed hydrogeological modeling, which might show the pathway of contaminant migration from the disposal website to affected wells or residential areas. Moreover, remediation efforts require correct spatial information to successfully goal cleanup actions and forestall additional contaminant unfold. The coordinates information the location of monitoring wells, soil sampling areas, and remediation tools, optimizing the effectivity and effectiveness of the cleanup course of. As an illustration, if a burn pit’s exact location is unknown, the design of a soil remediation plan turns into considerably tougher, probably leading to incomplete elimination of contaminants.
In abstract, the correct mapping of disposal website coordinates on a location map is prime for understanding, mitigating, and addressing the results of environmental contamination at Camp Lejeune. The challenges related to incomplete or inaccurate historic data underscore the significance of complete information assortment and spatial evaluation. This data is essential for informing authorized proceedings, guiding remediation methods, and finally defending the well being and well-being of these probably uncovered to contaminants originating from these websites.
9. Geographic Terrain
The topographic traits of the land surrounding Camp Lejeune, built-in right into a location map, profoundly affect the transport and dispersion of environmental contaminants. Understanding the land’s bodily options is essential for precisely modelling the migration of pollution and assessing the potential for human publicity. The terrain dictates floor water runoff patterns, groundwater move instructions, and the vulnerability of particular areas to contamination.
-
Slope and Drainage Patterns
The gradient of the land floor straight impacts floor water runoff and the buildup of contaminants in low-lying areas. Steeper slopes promote speedy runoff, probably carrying pollution into streams and rivers. Flatter areas, conversely, might expertise pooling of water and elevated infiltration into the soil, resulting in localized groundwater contamination. A location map, when mixed with topographic information, permits for figuring out areas at greater threat because of slope and drainage patterns, revealing the possible pathways of floor water contaminant transport.
-
Soil Composition and Permeability
The kind and composition of the soil affect the speed at which water and contaminants percolate via the bottom. Sandy soils, characterised by excessive permeability, permit for speedy infiltration, probably resulting in groundwater contamination. Clay soils, with decrease permeability, limit water move, however might retain contaminants close to the floor. A map displaying soil sorts aids in predicting the motion of pollution via the subsurface atmosphere. Understanding soil traits is important for assessing the vulnerability of groundwater aquifers to contamination from floor sources.
-
Proximity to Water Our bodies and Wetlands
The proximity of Camp Lejeune to rivers, streams, and wetlands performs a crucial function within the potential for ecological and human publicity. Wetlands, appearing as pure filters, can lure and retain pollution, stopping their downstream transport. Nevertheless, they’ll additionally turn out to be saturated with contaminants, posing a long-term threat to aquatic life. The placement map highlights the spatial relationship between the bottom and these water our bodies, helping within the identification of areas weak to contamination from runoff or groundwater discharge. Defending these water sources requires a complete understanding of the move paths and potential contaminant sources.
-
Geological Options and Aquifer Vulnerability
Underlying geological constructions, resembling faults and fractures, can create preferential pathways for groundwater move, probably accelerating the unfold of contaminants. Aquifers positioned beneath Camp Lejeune are prone to contamination from floor sources relying on the presence of confining layers and the depth to the water desk. A location map, when mixed with geological cross-sections, offers insights into the vulnerability of those aquifers. Figuring out geological options that would facilitate contaminant transport is essential for designing efficient monitoring and remediation methods.
In conclusion, integrating geographic terrain information into the Camp Lejeune location map offers a crucial understanding of the environmental processes that govern contaminant transport and publicity pathways. Addressing these spatial relationships is important for conducting thorough threat assessments, informing remediation choices, and defending the well being of present and future populations. The geographical options, along with coordinates location, may have an amazing affect on the outcomes.
Incessantly Requested Questions
This part addresses frequent inquiries concerning the utilization and significance of location maps in understanding the Camp Lejeune water contamination incident.
Query 1: Why is a location map vital within the context of Camp Lejeune water contamination claims?
A location map offers a visible illustration of Camp Lejeune’s geographical format, together with the location of water remedy crops, wells, housing areas, and potential sources of contamination. This visible context is essential for establishing potential publicity pathways and demonstrating a hyperlink between residency or employment on the bottom and publicity to contaminated water.
Query 2: How does a location map assist decide if somebody was uncovered to contaminated water at Camp Lejeune?
By overlaying water distribution networks and contamination plume information onto the placement map, it’s doable to establish the particular areas served by contaminated wells and the extent of the contamination. This enables for the identification of people who resided or labored in these areas in the course of the interval of contamination, offering proof of potential publicity.
Query 3: What varieties of data are usually included on a Camp Lejeune location map related to water contamination?
Related location maps usually embrace base boundaries, the place of water remedy crops (e.g., Hadnot Level, Tarawa Terrace), on-base wells, housing areas, industrial websites, waste disposal areas, groundwater move patterns, and potential contaminant plume unfold. These parts present a complete spatial context for assessing potential publicity pathways.
Query 4: Are historic location maps of Camp Lejeune accessible, and why are they vital?
Sure, historic location maps are useful sources. They depict the bottom format and infrastructure in the course of the interval of contamination, offering crucial details about the particular areas of water sources and distribution networks at the moment. These maps can assist reconstruct historic publicity eventualities and set up a timeline of contamination occasions.
Query 5: How can a location map help in understanding the unfold of contaminants past the boundaries of Camp Lejeune?
Location maps, when mixed with hydrogeological information, illustrate the potential for contaminant migration from the bottom to surrounding communities. This helps decide if off-base residents had been uncovered to contaminated water via shared water methods or groundwater move, increasing the scope of potential well being impacts and authorized claims.
Query 6: The place can people receive a Camp Lejeune location map to be used in researching potential water contamination publicity?
Location maps and associated documentation could also be accessible via authorities archives, historic societies, or authorized sources related to the Camp Lejeune litigation. Consulting with authorized counsel or environmental specialists might present entry to related maps and related information pertaining to the interval of contamination.
Correct and complete location maps are pivotal in comprehending the scope and penalties of the Camp Lejeune water contamination incident. These maps facilitate the institution of hyperlinks between potential publicity and associated well being points, supporting each scientific investigations and authorized proceedings.
The next part will present sources for these looking for additional data concerning Camp Lejeune water contamination and accessible avenues for looking for help.
Navigating Camp Lejeune Contamination Claims
Efficient evaluation of Camp Lejeune water contamination claims necessitates an intensive understanding of spatial relationships. Location maps function essential instruments on this course of, and their strategic use can considerably strengthen the proof introduced.
Tip 1: Purchase Excessive-Decision Maps: Receive the very best decision maps accessible. Enhanced element facilitates exact location identification of housing, water sources, and potential contamination areas. Elevated decision is important when submitting claims involving probably small areas, resembling particular wells and pipelines.
Tip 2: Correlate Residency with Water Distribution Networks: Overlay residency data with historic water distribution maps. Pinpoint the water supply that equipped particular housing items in the course of the contamination interval. This establishes a direct hyperlink between residency and potential publicity to contaminated water, a crucial aspect in supporting claims.
Tip 3: Analyze Proximity to Potential Contamination Sources: Study the map to find out proximity to recognized contamination sources, resembling landfills, industrial websites, and waste disposal areas. Shorter distances correlate to elevated potential publicity. Documenting these distances enhances the credibility of claims.
Tip 4: Consider Groundwater Stream Patterns: Superimpose groundwater move patterns onto the placement map. Assess the potential for contaminant migration from recognized sources to water provide wells and residential areas. Mapping groundwater move aids in establishing the pathway of contamination and supporting a cause-and-effect relationship.
Tip 5: Cross-Reference Maps with Historic Information: Examine location maps with historic documentation, together with base data, effectively logs, and water sampling information. Confirm the accuracy and consistency of knowledge throughout a number of sources. Discrepancies must be investigated and addressed to make sure the credibility of the proof.
Tip 6: Think about Topographic Options: Incorporate topographic information into the evaluation. Perceive how slope, drainage patterns, and soil composition influenced contaminant transport and dispersion. Topography aids in establishing publicity potential, which may be utilized to say instances.
Tip 7: Doc Coordinates of Key Areas: Document the precise coordinates (latitude and longitude) of key areas, resembling water wells, housing items, and disposal websites. Exact coordinates strengthen the geographical context of the declare. The coordinates have to be as correct as doable and supplied when submitting documentation.
Strategic use of location maps and geographic information enhances the energy and credibility of Camp Lejeune water contamination claims. Correct mapping, coupled with meticulous documentation, offers a strong basis for demonstrating potential publicity and looking for acceptable compensation.
The concluding part will summarize sources and authorized choices for these affected by the Camp Lejeune water contamination incident.
Conclusion
The previous dialogue has underscored the crucial function that geographical context, particularly as represented by the Camp Lejeune location map, performs in understanding the scope and impression of historic water contamination. The spatial relationships between water sources, housing areas, coaching grounds, and disposal websites are important for figuring out potential publicity pathways and assessing well being dangers. The correct portrayal of base boundaries, water supply proximity, contamination plume unfold, and different key options on location maps is essential for supporting scientific investigations, authorized claims, and remediation efforts.
The supply and diligent software of dependable mapping sources are important to making sure that each one affected people obtain the assist and compensation to which they’re entitled. Continued analysis and information assortment are obligatory to boost the accuracy and comprehensiveness of location maps and associated environmental data. The teachings realized from the Camp Lejeune incident function a reminder of the significance of accountable environmental practices and clear communication in safeguarding public well being and defending the well-being of communities surrounding navy installations and different potential sources of contamination.
